Aerodynamics of a swirling fluidized bed

Swirling Fluidized Bed (SFB) is one of the fluidized bed systems that have potential to be widely used in the mineral processing, power generation and chemical industries. By using an annular bed and inclined injection of gas through the distributor in SFB it will archive a high performance in fluidization. A numerical simulation Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental work with Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been used to investigate physical parameters that influence the type of plenum chamber, the distributor pressure drop and the uniformity of tangential velocity distribution. The study focused on the 60 blades distributor whereby the effect of two horizontal inclinations (12° and 15°) and tangential entry plenum chamber (single, double and triple). Three velocities component were analyzed; tangential velocity, radial velocity and axial velocity. In actual industrial applications, the axial velocity will create fluidization while the tangential velocity provides swirling effect. The presence of radial velocity can be explained as a consequence of centrifugal force generated by the swirling gas. The tangential velocity is the major velocity component in this study and it represents the velocity of the swirling air in the annular region of the bed. The uniformity of tangential velocity distribution and pressure drop is set as performance criteria and has been analyzed with statistical method; mean value, standard deviation & root mean square of difference (RMSD). The most significant finding in simulation configuration is the pressure drop of the distributor blade increased when a triple tangential entry plenum chamber along with horizontal inclination 15° has been applied which then create high tangential velocity. Only parameter for double tangential entry plenum chamber consists with horizontal inclination, 12° has been selected to validate with the PIV result. Comparison of the simulation result (CFD) and experimental data (PIV) are presented, and it is confirmed that good agreement is obtained

Industrial Process Water Treatment By Adsorption

Activated carbon was modified with sodium acetate at concentration of 10% and 15 % and used in fixed-bed column to study the adsorption of copper ions. Synthetic wastewater containing 258mg/l of copper was passed through plain activated carbon and modified activated carbon. Plain activated carbon was able to adsorb 20mg of Cu and activated carbon modified by treatment of 10% sodium acetate adsorbed 33mg of Cu. The highest adsorption capacity was found for the activated carbon modified by the treatment with 15% of sodium acetate, which adsorbed 45 mg of Cu; i.e 2.2 time as much as the polain activated carbon. After regeneration with MaOH, the activated carbon modified by the treatment with 15% sodium acetate was able to adsorb 60 mg of Cu; i.e three times as much as plain activated carbon

Numerical study of circle fractal grid perforated plate as a turbulent generator in combustion chamber

Fractal grids can be used to design turbulent flows with low power losses and high turbulence intensities for intense yet economic mixing over a region of designed length and location. The introducing circle grid perforated plate is the main aim of this present paper. In this numerical work, we want to ascertain a new approach in turbulence generators on the structure of premixes flames using perforated plate fractal-grids pattern. In this paper, we compared circle grid perforated plate by varies using its diameters, spacing and number of holes on the plate. The result showed good perceptivity of the fractal generated turbulence and the fractal flow physics. The turbulent intensity can be increased by a grid with higher blockage ratio

Implementation of dust control system using management and planning tools (MPT)

This report basically discusses the progress research done and basic understanding of the chosen topic, which is Multitask Anti-Dust Cleaner. The objective of this project is to introduce a new method in cleaning the SMT facilities especially in electronic production line

Hierarchical self organizing map and focusing inspection strategy for mobile robot novelty detection

Novelty detection is a process of recognizing changes based on learned knowledge. In this research, a novelty detection system was implemented on a mobile robot with an array of sonar sensors for surveillance application. In order to perform novelty detection, a map that stores normal information with respect to any particular robot pose in an environment is required. The map is needed to detect changes and determine the position of novel event. The challenges of mobile novelty detection system are that the false positive rate is usually high whereas the true positive rate is usually low due to mapping and monitoring problems. During mapping, errors due to robot localization and sensor measurement can reduce the quality of the map built. However, available methods in mapping assume perfect localization, hence error in localization is not taken into account in the process of mapping. During monitoring, inspection interval that is too small will consume a lot of time and energy but if the interval is too big, novelty could be missed, hence lower the true positive detection. On top of that, low true positive detection is also caused by the low reliability of sonar sensor measurement. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to utilize mobile novelty detection system by developing a mapping and monitoring strategy that has low false positive detection, high true positive detection and able to estimate the position of a novelty. This thesis proposed two methods regarding to mapping and monitoring process; a hierarchical Self Organizing Map (SOM) and a Focusing Inspection Strategy (FIS). Unlike other mapping methods, hierarchical SOM also consider localization error when associating the normal information with respect to the robot pose. FIS is a multi resolution monitoring strategy which works by changing the frequency of measurement depending on the detection of anomaly. In this thesis, two models were considered; a step (FS) and linear (FL) resolution models. The hierarchical SOM was validated by using simulation and experimentation of the inspection in environment with normal and novel event. False positive rate is measured to determine the map performance. The results show that hierarchical SOM is able to map the normal condition of the environment very well. The inspection results show the false positive rate occurred less than 0.1 at the higher sensitivity setting of 0.9 in either normal or novel condition. The performance of FIS was investigated by using experimentation of the inspection of novel objects of different sizes. The results show that by changing the frequency of measurement using the FS and FL models, the number of true positive detection increases up to 80% when compared to inspection with fix measurement frequency. FIS also reduced the error of position estimation by about 8.8% and 10.9% each for FS and FL and maintained the false positive rate lower than 0.1

The effect of anomaly detection accurancy in varying the angular resolution of sonar using repetitive observation strategy

This paper presents the feasibility study of implementing Repetitive Observation Strategy (ROS) using a sonar sensor array. ROS is a method that collects observation data taken from different observer positions for anomaly detection purposes. This strategy had never been implemented using sonar sensor. The study is conducted using simulation in MATLAB. The simulation is run by varying the angular resolution of the sonar sensor array which covered 180 degrees. The performance of anomaly detection is analyzed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Result shows that the performance of anomaly detection decrease as the angular resolution of sensor increases

Brainwave motor control

Stroke is a brain attack. It can happen to anyone at any time. It occurs when blood flow to an area of brain is cut off. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begin to die. When brain cells die during stroke, abilities controlled by that area of the brain such as memory and muscle control are lost [1]. Patients who suffered stroke will become physically disabled whether on the upper body, lower body or even both. Thus, such patient needs a device to aid them to move from one place to another. The device is a wheelchair. There are many benefits of using wheelchairs such as it can help them to make a movement and to enable them to do their daily activities as usual. But for the paralyze patient, the manual wheelchair is not suitable for them. It is because, the manual wheelchair requires high level strength. Next, it needs to rely on someone to push the chair. It will cause more burdens to other people [2]. To help this disable people to solve their problem and make them easy do their daily activities as usual by building a wheelchair controlled by a brainwave

Design of True Hybrid Solar Wind Turbine for Smaller Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Plants

Contemporary hybrid solar-wind farms are commonly implemented using separate solar photovoltaic (PV) cell arrays and wind turbines, where the electricity currents generated from both devices are combined. However, this solution requires a large amount of space to cater for the PV arrays and wind turbines of the system. This paper proposes a new type of renewable energy electric generator with a small power production footprint (PPF) that allows reduction of land usage. The True Hybrid Wind-Solar (THWS) generator allows for the solar panels to rotate along with a VAWT wind turbine that is attached through a specially designed electromechanical coupling mechanism. The working principle behind the connections is described in this paper. The design of a hybrid circuit module that serves to combine the currents generated via the solar cells and the wind generator and also to automatically disconnect inactive wind or solar generators is described. The latter is important in order to eliminate unwanted load generated from the inactive generators within the THWS itself

The Letter Ba', Jim and Sin in The Word بجس And Its Meanings in The Quran

In the Qur'an, there are some words that are mentioned only in one place and not in other verses. One of the words is انبَجَسَتْ. This word is derived from the word بَجَسَ. The general public knows the meaning of the word, but what about the meaning of each letter that is the structure of its construction. Its position which is mentioned only once in the Qur’an also raises question marks and requires detailed study. Thus, this study aims to reveal the meaning of each letter in addition to its pronunciation only once compared to other words. A qualitative approach was chosen and a document analysis design was used to obtain the data. The collected data were analyzed using inductive methods involving its meaning in Arabic, as well as its nature and makhraj from the point of view of Quranic scholars. The results show that each letter has its own meaning that is different from each other. Therefore, this study contributes and contains great implications on strengthening the I’jaz al-Quran in terms of the meaning of the letters. Di dalam al-Quran, ada beberapa perkataan yang hanya disebut pada satu tempat sahaja dan tiada dalam ayat lain. Salah satu daripada perkataan tersebut ialah انبَجَسَتْ. Perkataan ini berasal daripada kalimah بَجَسَ. Umum mengetahui maksud perkataan tersebut, tetapi bagaimana pula dengan maksud setiap huruf yang menjadi struktur binaannya. Kedudukannya yang hanya sekali sahaja disebut di dalam al-Quran juga menimbulkan tanda tanya dan memerlukan kajian terperinci. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap maksud setiap huruf tersebut di samping penyebutannya yang sekali sahaja berbanding perkataan lain. Pendekatan kualitatif telah dipilih dan reka bentuk analisis dokumen digunakan untuk mendapatkan data. Data terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan metode induktif melibatkan maksudnya dalam Bahasa Arab, juga sifat dan makhrajnya dari sudut ahli al-Quran. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahawa setiap huruf mempunyai maksud tersendiri yang berbeza antara satu sama lain. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini memberikan sumbangan dan mengandungi implikasi yang besar pada menguatkan I’jaz al-Quran dari sudut maksud huruf